Tuesday, March 3, 2009
ECONOMY
Economy
Multan is a commercial and industrial centre, it is connected with the rest of the country through rail and air including the other industrial hubs such as Lahore, Karachi, Quetta and Faisalabad. Industries include fertilizer, cosmetics, glass manufacturing, cotton production and processing, large textile units, flour mills, sugar and oil mills and large-scale power generation projects. It is famous for its handicrafts (carpets & ceramics) and cottage industries. There are hospitals, public gardens, and several colleges affiliated with the University of the Punjab. The University of Multan was established in 1975. Large, irregular suburbs have grown outside the old walled town, and two satellite towns have been set up. Mangoes of Multan district are well known. Famous orchards include Nawab Sar Buland Khan Badozai Mango Farm, Tareen Mango Farms, Khakwani Mango farm and alizai mango farm. Famous historian Dr Ashik Khan Durrani has also written a wonderful book on this subject, named Salay Aam'. Multani khussa (traditional shoes), embroidery on dresses for women and men, furniture and other wooden products, earthenware pottery, painted pottery, camel-skin ware (e.g. lamps), surgical instruments and carpets are a few of the city's major export items with a great demand within the country as well.
Multan is an important agricultural, industrial and tourist centre. Wheat, cotton and sugarcane are the main crops grown in the district. Moreover, rice, maize, tobacco, bajra, moong (lentils), mash (lentils), masoor (lentils) , oil seed such as rape / mustard and sunflower are also grown in minor quantities in the district. Mangoes, citrus, guavas and pomegranate are the main fruits grown in the Multan district. Additionally, dates, jaman, pears, phalsa and bananas are grown in minor quantities in the district. Mangoes:[2]Citrus kinnow:[3]
The Pak-Arab Refinery Limited is located in Multan. The White Oil Pipeline (White Oil Pipeline Project (WOP)) carries imported oil from Port Qasim to Pak-Arab Refinery Limited (PARCO) at Mehmood Kot, Multan[5].
Educational institutions
In 1950, the then Governor Abdur Rub Nishtar founded Nishter Medical College, which became an affiliate of Punjab University. Renowned doctors graduated from this institution and have spread to all over the world. Legacy of its graduates resonates in the west, where a large number of these doctors have established their name in the different faculties of medicine.
Bahauddin Zakariya University formerly known as Multan University and University of Punjab are the main sources of higher education for this region.
Among Colleges, G.C college,Government College,Multan popularly known as Bosan Road College, enjoys a reputed place due to brilliant academic performance shown by its students. It is the oldest institute of learning of Multan.Among schools, various public and private schools provide education up to secondary level. One of them is Government Islamia High School at Aam Khas Bagh, which in spite of very limited resources, is providing opportunity for the poor students of this city to excel. There are several private schools and colleges which follow foreign curricula like the British GCE Ordinary Level/Advanced level and the IB within the city. The oldest of these institutes is La Salle High School acknowledge as the best private institution in Multan. Multan Public School with its 97-acre (390,000 m2) campus is one of the largest public schools in Pakistan. An Institute for Engineering and Technology called N.F.C. I.E.T. currently offers Graduate Degrees in Chemical, Electronic and Computer System Engineering.Another college in Multan is international college of commerce known as I.C.C in katchehry near degree college the first commerce college in Multan the owner of this institution is Mr.Amjad Khan . Another institution in Multan is Paragon Academy of commerce in M.D.A is also a good institute the owner of this academey is MALIK IRFAN AHMAD
GEOGRAPHY AND CLIMATE
The city of Multan is located in southern Punjab province at almost the exact centre of Pakistan. The very next major adjoining city is Sahiwal. The area around the city is a flat plain and is ideal for agriculture. There are many canals that cut across the Multan District that provide water from nearby rivers. It is extremely hot in the summer. Multan has several citrus and mango farms . It is one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world.The temperature in summer reached 52Ĉ in winter -2Ĉ recorded. Dusty winds blow in summer .
Demographics
The majority of Multan's residents speak a language called Saraiki. The overwhelming majority of the people are Muslim. Most of the people speak Saraiki language with a good portion of the people conversant in Urdu. English is understood by the educated.
Multan has traditionally been a melting pot of several regional as well as distinct ethnic groups due to it location near four of Pakistan's main provinces and it historical significance as a centre of learning, culture. As a result, Multan of today consists of Baloch, Pashtun, Panjabi, Saraiki (a transition group between Punjabi and Sindhi), Afghan, Persian (usually the Qizilbash) and Urdu-speaking Muhajirs who recently arrived at the time of independence in 1947. AS per the 1998 census of Pakistan, following are the demographics of the district:
Seraiki: 60.67% (39.29% in the city)
Punjabi: 21.64% (32.01% in the city)
Urdu: 15.86% (26.64% in the city)
Pashto: 0.62%
Balochi: 0.10%
Sindhi: 0.07%
Others: 1.04%
Multan is also rich in literature, there are many poets and other prominent personalities who are known country-wide. The city is notable for being the birthplace of the founder of Afghanistan, Ahmed Shah Abdali who was born in the village of Kiri Shah Husain Khan where members of his tribe still live. In Urdu poetry Aslam Yusufi, Asad Multani, Dr. Qateel Jaffri, Haider Gardezi,DR.WASIF IQBAL Aasi Karnali, Aslam Ansari, Arsh Siddiqi, Sahir Bukhari (Known as Sharif Bukhari), Dr. Shozab Kazmi, Mahmood Rabbani Anjum (Principal Workers Welfare School), Iqbal Arshad, Arshad Multani, Hazeen Sidiqi, Anwar Jamal, Razi-ud-Din Razi, Ghazala Khakwani, Kashif Baloch, Sajid Nadeem Sajid Shaakir Hussain Shaakir and Riffat Abbass are popular poets of the city. Hafeez Ullah Khan, a leading short story writer, playwright, critic, research scholar and columnist and Mazhar Kaleem
Who Rule over Multan
Mughal Rule
During Mughal rule, Multan enjoyed over 200 years of peace, and became known as Dar al-Aman (Abode of Peace). The Khakwani Nawabs of Multan gave it a lot of financial stability and growth to the local farming sector. It was at this time that Multan was ruled by Nawab Ali Mohammad Khan Khakwani. As governor of Multan, he built the famous Mosque Ali Mohammad Khan in 1757 which remains to this day. Many buildings were constructed in this time, and agricultural production grew rapidly. Multan at that time included areas which are part of Vehari, Bahawalpur, and Dera Ghazi Khan districts. The city escaped the destruction brought upon India by the armies of the Afghan Nadir Shah, but it was ruled from Kabul by numerous Afghan dynasties for a while.
Durrani Rule
Multan witnessed difficult times as Mughal rule declined and after Ahmad Shah Durrani's dynasty went into decline, it was ruled locally by the Pashtun Khakwani and Sadozai chieftains.
Sikh Rule
Early in 1817, Maharaja Ranjit Singh sent a body of troops to Multan under the command of Diwan Bhiwani Das to receive from Nawab Muzaffar Khan the tribute he owed to the Sikh Darbar. Bhiwani Das laid siege to the city, but failed to capture Multan. Maharaja Ranjit Singh planned the afresh expedition and sent a strong force under his son Kharak Singh's charge. [3]
In 1818, Kharak Singh's armies lay around it without making much initial headway. Maharaja Ranjit Singh sent a big gun Zamzama along with Akali Phula Singh's Nihang regiment. The Zamzama was fired with effect and the gates were blown in. Akali Phula Singh made a sudden rush and took the garrison by surprise. The Nawab stood in his way resolved to fight to death. Prince Kharak Singh left Jodh Singh Khalsa with 600 men to guard the fort of Multan.[4]
The Sikhs thereafter ruled Punjab till 1849 losing to the British in the Second Anglo-Sikh War. Multan had a significant Sikh population and influence until partition in 1947
Tuesday, February 10, 2009
Mahmud of Ghazni reconquers Multan In the year AH 396 (CE 1005) Mahmud of Ghazni attacked Multan under Abool -Futteh Dawood. Mahmood decided to reconquer Multan which had revolted. Shaikh Humeed Abool Futteh Dawood, the son of Nuseer, the son of Shaikh Hameed Abool-Futteh Dawood, abandoned his allegiance and rebelled. It is related in the Towareekh Alfy, that when he heard of the approach of Mahmood from Ghazny, Abool -Futteh Dawood solicited the aid of his ally Anandpal, the successor of Jaipal; who true to his alliance detached the greater part of his army to oppose Mahmood in Pishawur .
Multan is one of the oldest cities in the Asian subcontinent.It was the capital of Trigarta Empire at the time of Mahabharta war, ruled by the Katoch Dynasty. It has seen a lot of warfare because of its location on a major invasion route between South Asia and Central Asia. It is famous for its Sufi shrines.
It is believed to have been visited by Alexander the Great. In the mid-5th century, the city was attacked by a group of nomads led by Toraman.
In the 8th century, Multan was conquered along with Sindh by the army of Muhammad bin Qasim, following bin Qasim's conquest, the city was securely under Muslim rule, although it was in effect an independent state
Multan
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search Multan
General Information
Country Pakistan
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search Multan
General Information
Country Pakistan
Area 3,721 km2 (1,437 sq mi)
Calling code 061
Density 838/km² (2,170/sq mi)
No. of Union Councils
4 Union CouncilsMultan CantonmentMultan SadarShujabadJalalpur Pirwala
City Flag File:Pk-punj.gif Location Multan
Multan (Pakistan)
Provincial Government WebsiteArea referenceDensity reference
Multan shown on a 1669 world map
Provincial Government WebsiteArea referenceDensity reference
Multan shown on a 1669 world map
Multan (help·info) (Urdu: ملتان, Punjabi ملتان، ) is a city in the Punjab Province of Pakistan and capital of Multan District. It is located in the southern part of the province. Multan District has a population of over 3.8 million (according to 1998 census) and the city itself is the sixth largest within the boundaries of Pakistan. It is situated on the east bank of the Chenab River, more or less in the geographic centre of the country and about 966 km from Karachi.
Multan is known as the 'City of Saints'. The city is full of bazaars, mosques, shrines and superbly designed tombs. A network of rails, highways and air flights has well connected Multan to the rest of the world. The city is known for its' kind and hospitable people
Multan is known as the 'City of Saints'. The city is full of bazaars, mosques, shrines and superbly designed tombs. A network of rails, highways and air flights has well connected Multan to the rest of the world. The city is known for its' kind and hospitable people
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